@prefix : . @prefix owl: . @prefix rdf: . @prefix xml: . @prefix xsd: . @prefix rdfs: . @base . rdf:type owl:Ontology ; owl:versionIRI ; "SICON is an ontology design pattern for representing the spatial configuration of visual elements distributed across the surfaces of three-dimensional built structures and cultural heritage objects. SICON separates the material carrier from the visual item so that configurational relations survive total material loss. It is interoperable with, but not a formal extension of, the ICON and VIR ontologies."@en ; "TODO: add the CEUR citation once the volume is online."@en ; "2026-08-17"^^xsd:date ; ; ; "2026-08-17"^^xsd:date ; ; "SICON — An Ontology Design Pattern to model visual representations on three-dimensional cultural heritage objects"@en ; "sicon" ; "https://w3id.org/sicon#" ; rdfs:comment """SICON models where visual elements sit in relation to one another within an iconographic programme, rather than what those elements depict. It is built on two aspects. First, the material stratum of a mural (sicon:PaintedDecoration) is kept apart from the visual composition it bears (sicon:ConceptualVisualRepresentation), so that configurational assertions remain available for murals attested only through written or drawn sources. Second, spatial relations are expressed mereotopologically rather than through absolute coordinates, so that incomplete and fragmentary evidence can be recorded without silently supplying a plausible reconstruction. The pattern is derived from the following competency questions: CQ-1: How are coats of arms visually ordered? Which are displayed at the top of the mural, which at the bottom? CQ-2: Which textual inscriptions are directly adjacent to a given coat of arms? CQ-3: In fully painted rooms, which coats of arms were placed on opposite walls, facing each other? CQ-4: Which coats of arms are located on surfaces that are not simultaneously visible from a single viewpoint, as indicated by their topological surface relations? CQ-5: Which murals display a minimum number of iconographic elements from a defined programme while also containing explicitly documented fragmentary regions, suggesting an originally complete cycle? CQ-6: Which regions of a mural contain iconographic content that was added or replaced in a different historical period than the surrounding content? CQ-7: Which written sources indicate changes made to a mural that are not directly evident from material observation of its present state? Alignment to CIDOC CRM is published as a separate alignment file, so that the pattern can be reused without committing an adopter to a particular upper model."""@en ; rdfs:label "SICON – Spatial Iconography Ontology"@en ; rdfs:seeAlso ; owl:versionInfo "0.1.0" ; . ################################################################# # Annotation properties ################################################################# ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/abstract rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/bibliographicCitation rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/created rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/description rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/license rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/publisher rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/title rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespacePrefix rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespaceUri rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#scopeNote rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### https://schema.org/codeRepository rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### https://w3id.org/opla-core#isNativeTo rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment "Asserts that a term was introduced by the named ontology design pattern rather than reused from an external vocabulary."@en ; rdfs:label "is native to"@en . ################################################################# # Datatypes ################################################################# ### http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date xsd:date rdf:type rdfs:Datatype . ################################################################# # Object Properties ################################################################# ### https://w3id.org/sicon#aboveOf :aboveOf rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :nextTo ; owl:inverseOf :belowOf ; rdf:type owl:AsymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment "Relates a conceptual visual representation to another that lies below it along the vertical axis."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "above of"@en ; "Unlike sicon:leftOf and sicon:rightOf, the vertical axis is anchored by gravity rather than by the position of a viewer, and therefore does not reverse when the viewer turns. The property may consequently be used both within a single surface and between representations on different surfaces of the same object, for instance between a wall frieze and the ceiling above it. It states relative position along that axis and does not entail contact. It is the principal means of answering CQ-1."@en ; . ### https://w3id.org/sicon#behindOf :behindOf rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :perpendicularTo ; owl:inverseOf :inFrontOf ; rdf:type owl:AsymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment "Relates a conceptual visual representation to another that lies nearer to a stated vantage point along the viewing axis."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "behind of"@en ; "A decorated screen or partition standing between a viewer at the entrance of a hall and the painted end wall."@en ; "The relation holds only relative to a vantage point, which the pattern does not itself model; the frame of reference must therefore be recorded by the project using the pattern, or the property left unasserted. The pattern does not represent exact lines of sight, since doing so would demand geometric precision that fragmentary evidence cannot supply."@en ; . ### https://w3id.org/sicon#belowOf :belowOf rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :nextTo ; rdf:type owl:AsymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment "Relates a conceptual visual representation to another that lies above it along the vertical axis."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "below of"@en ; "An inscription placed beneath the coat of arms it names stands below that coat of arms."@en ; "The converse of sicon:aboveOf, and subject to the same conditions: the vertical axis is gravity-anchored and stable across surfaces, so the property may be used between representations that do not share a carrier."@en ; . ### https://w3id.org/sicon#depictsMural :depictsMural rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :PaintedDecoration ; rdfs:range :ConceptualVisualRepresentation ; rdfs:comment "Relates a material painted decoration to the conceptual visual representation that it bears."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "depicts mural"@en ; "This is the single bridge between the material and the visual layer of the pattern, and it is optional in one direction only: every painted decoration bears some composition, but a composition attested solely through a written or drawn source has no bearer and stands unconnected. One decoration may bear several compositions where later interventions introduced content of different date. sicon:isPartOfDecoration records the same relation in the opposite direction; the two are not declared owl:inverseOf in this version."@en ; . ### https://w3id.org/sicon#externallyConnectedWith :externallyConnectedWith rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :spatiallyDiscreteFrom ; rdf:type owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment "Relates two conceptual visual representations whose areas touch along a common boundary but share no interior area."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "externally connected with"@en ; "Two adjacent fields on the same beam of the Metz ceiling, separated by a painted dividing line but sharing that border."@en ; "Corresponds to the relation EC of the Region Connection Calculus. It is the relation that establishes direct adjacency without overlap and is therefore what CQ-2 relies on when asking which inscriptions border a given coat of arms. It is purely topological and says nothing about which of the two lies to the left or above; that is expressed by the sub-properties of sicon:formsDirectionalRelationWith."@en ; . ### https://w3id.org/sicon#formsDirectionalRelationWith :formsDirectionalRelationWith rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :ConceptualVisualRepresentation ; rdfs:range :ConceptualVisualRepresentation ; rdfs:comment "Top-level property for spatial relations between conceptual visual representations that depend on an orientation: relations that hold in virtue of where one representation lies with respect to another along an axis."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "forms directional relation with"@en ; "The arrangement of the Imperial Quaternions at Goldegg into ranked rows and groups is expressed entirely through sub-properties of this property."@en ; "Directional relations always presuppose a frame of reference, and the pattern fixes that frame as the surface itself, seen by a person standing before it. The two branches divide according to whether the representations share a plane: sicon:nextTo covers relations within a surface, sicon:perpendicularTo relations across surfaces that are not coplanar. The property should normally be left to its sub-properties and asserted directly only where the direction is known to hold but its kind is not. Directional relations are what make the reading of an iconographic programme queryable, and they are deliberately kept agnostic: the pattern records the arrangement, and leaves it to the researcher to decide which reading direction to impose on it."@en ; . ### https://w3id.org/sicon#formsSpatialRelationWith :formsSpatialRelationWith rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :ConceptualVisualRepresentation ; rdfs:range :ConceptualVisualRepresentation ; rdfs:comment "Top-level property for topological relations between conceptual visual representations: relations that hold in virtue of how the areas they occupy connect, overlap or are separated, independently of any orientation."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "forms spatial relation with"@en ; "The relation between a heraldic frieze and the wall surface that carries it, and the relation between two neighbouring fields within that frieze, are both expressed through sub-properties of this property."@en ; "The sub-properties implement the relations of the Region Connection Calculus in its eight-relation form, with the exception of equality, which this version does not define; sicon:spatiallyDiscreteFrom and sicon:hasProperSpatialPart additionally provide the coarser groupings of RCC5 for use where the finer distinction cannot be supported by the evidence. Because domain and range are the general class, one and the same relation may hold between two motifs, between two surfaces, or between a motif and a surface, which is what allows the pattern to treat a decorated room as a single composition rather than as a set of unrelated surfaces. The property should normally be left to its sub-properties and asserted directly only where some topological relation is known to hold but its kind is not."@en ; . ### https://w3id.org/sicon#hasConditionState :hasConditionState rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :PaintedDecoration ; rdfs:range :MuralConditionState ; rdfs:comment "Relates a painted decoration to a state describing its material condition."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "has condition state"@en ; "The paint on one field of a Metz beam is recorded with a state typed as fragmentary, while the neighbouring field is recorded as undamaged."@en ; "A decoration may hold several states, either because different parts are in different condition or because its condition changed over time. Assertions of this property belong to the material layer alone; the composition borne by the decoration receives no condition of its own, and remains available for spatial assertions even where the decoration is recorded as lost. Together with the nesting of decorations, this is what allows CQ-5 to count documented fragmentary regions alongside preserved ones within a single programme."@en ; . ### https://w3id.org/sicon#hasConditionStateType :hasConditionStateType rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :MuralConditionState ; rdfs:range :ConditionStateType ; rdfs:comment "Relates a mural condition state to the category of condition it instantiates."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "has condition state type"@en ; "The state of a detached and subsequently repaired beam carries both the relocated and the restored type."@en ; "More than one type may be assigned to a single state, since the categories are not mutually exclusive: a decoration may be at once fragmentary, relocated and restored. Typing rather than subclassing keeps these combinations expressible without a combinatorial class hierarchy, and allows a state to be retyped as evidence improves without changing the identity of the decoration."@en ; . ### https://w3id.org/sicon#hasNonTangentialProperSpatialPart :hasNonTangentialProperSpatialPart rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasProperSpatialPart ; owl:inverseOf :nonTangentialProperSpatialPartOf ; rdfs:comment "Relates a conceptual visual representation to a proper part of it that lies wholly in its interior, sharing no boundary with it."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "has non-tangential proper spatial part"@en ; "A field on a Metz beam contains a coat of arms placed centrally within it, clear of the painted border."@en ; "Corresponds to the relation NTPPi of the Region Connection Calculus. It is the appropriate relation for a motif set within a field with a margin around it, as against one that runs up to the edge, for which sicon:hasTangentialProperSpatialPart should be used."@en ; . ### https://w3id.org/sicon#hasProperSpatialPart :hasProperSpatialPart rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :formsSpatialRelationWith ; owl:inverseOf :properSpatialPartOf ; rdf:type owl:AsymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment "Relates a conceptual visual representation to a representation whose area falls wholly within its own and is not identical to it."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "has proper spatial part"@en ; "The Goldegg ceiling contains the group of arms of the imperial cities, which in turn contains each individual coat of arms in that group."@en ; "Generalises the tangential and non-tangential cases and corresponds to the containment relation of RCC5; it should be used where the evidence does not settle whether the contained area touches the boundary. The property is asymmetric but is deliberately not declared transitive: in OWL 2 DL a transitive property may not also be declared asymmetric, and asymmetry is the more valuable guarantee here, since it prevents two areas from being recorded as containing each other. Chains of containment must therefore be traversed explicitly in queries."@en ; . ### https://w3id.org/sicon#hasTangentialProperSpatialPart :hasTangentialProperSpatialPart rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasProperSpatialPart ; owl:inverseOf :tangentialProperSpatialPartOf ; rdfs:comment "Relates a conceptual visual representation to a proper part of it that touches its boundary."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "has tangential proper spatial part"@en ; "A frieze running along the upper edge of a wall occupies a part of that wall which touches its boundary."@en ; "Corresponds to the relation TPPi of the Region Connection Calculus. The distinction from the non-tangential case is worth recording where contact with an edge is compositionally significant, as with a motif deliberately set at the margin of a field or abutting an architectural opening."@en ; . ### https://w3id.org/sicon#inFrontOf :inFrontOf rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :perpendicularTo ; rdf:type owl:AsymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment "Relates a conceptual visual representation to another that lies further from a stated vantage point along the viewing axis."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "in front of"@en ; "A painted partition stands in front of the end wall of a hall as seen from the entrance."@en ; "The converse of sicon:behindOf, and dependent in the same way on a vantage point that the pattern does not model. Assertions should be made only where the project has fixed and documented that vantage point."@en ; . ### https://w3id.org/sicon#isPartOfDecoration :isPartOfDecoration rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :ConceptualVisualRepresentation ; rdfs:range :PaintedDecoration ; rdfs:comment "Relates a conceptual visual representation to the material painted decoration on which it is realised."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "is part of decoration"@en ; "The composition showing a white horse and an emblem is realised on the seventeenth-century paint layer of the Metz beam that bears it."@en ; "Despite the name, the relation is not mereological: a composition is not a spatial part of the paint layer that bears it, and the two are asserted to be disjoint. What the property records is the carrier relation, in the direction from the visual to the material layer. Part-whole nesting within each layer is expressed by sicon:isPartOfMural and sicon:isPartOfPaintedDecoration respectively."@en ; . ### https://w3id.org/sicon#isPartOfMural :isPartOfMural rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty , owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:domain :ConceptualVisualRepresentation ; rdfs:range :ConceptualVisualRepresentation ; rdfs:comment "Relates a conceptual visual representation to a larger representation of which it forms a compositional part."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "is part of mural"@en ; "A painted wall of a room is part of the decoration of that room taken as a single composition."@en ; "This is the compositional nesting of the visual layer, and it is self-similar: parts are of the same kind as the wholes they belong to, so no fixed number of levels is assumed. It records membership in a composition rather than the geometry of containment; where the containment of one area within another is itself the point, sicon:properSpatialPartOf is the appropriate property, and the two may hold together. The property is not declared transitive in this version, so queries that need to reach across several levels of nesting must traverse them explicitly."@en ; . ### https://w3id.org/sicon#isPartOfMuralSegment :isPartOfMuralSegment rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :isPartOfMural ; rdfs:domain :IconographicRepresentation ; rdfs:range :MuralSegment ; rdfs:comment "Relates an iconographic representation to the mural segment in which it appears."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "is part of mural segment"@en ; "Each coat of arms of the Imperial Quaternions is part of the ceiling composition of the Great Hall at Goldegg."@en ; "The specialisation of compositional nesting that connects a single motif to the area carrying it. It is the property that makes a motif addressable both in its own right and as a member of a programme, which CQ-1 to CQ-4 require: a coat of arms can be found by its heraldic identity across the whole corpus and then located within the composition it belongs to."@en ; . ### https://w3id.org/sicon#isPartOfPaintedDecoration :isPartOfPaintedDecoration rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty , owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:domain :PaintedDecoration ; rdfs:range :PaintedDecoration ; rdfs:comment "Relates a painted decoration to a larger painted decoration of which it forms a material part."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "is part of painted decoration"@en ; "The paint on one beam is part of the paint layer of the Metz ceiling as a whole."@en ; "The material counterpart of sicon:isPartOfMural, and nested in the same self-similar way. It is what allows condition and dating to be recorded at whichever level the evidence supports: a single repainted field, the beam carrying it, and the ceiling as a whole may each hold their own states and events. Like its visual counterpart, it is not declared transitive in this version."@en ; . ### https://w3id.org/sicon#leftOf :leftOf rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :nextTo ; owl:inverseOf :rightOf ; rdf:type owl:AsymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment "Relates a conceptual visual representation to another that lies to its right along the horizontal axis of the surface they share."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "left of"@en ; "Within a row of the Imperial Quaternions at Goldegg, each shield stands to the left of the next shield in that row."@en ; "The frame of reference is viewer-relative rather than geometrically absolute: the surface itself, as seen by a person standing before it. Because the horizontal axis does not survive a turn of the body, the property is not applied between representations on different surfaces of a multi-surface mural; the sub-properties of sicon:perpendicularTo serve that case instead. This restriction is a usage constraint and is not axiomatised, since OWL cannot express it. The property carries no implication that the left position is the more prominent one: the western convention of reading from left to right is an interpretation that the pattern leaves to the researcher."@en ; . ### https://w3id.org/sicon#nextTo :nextTo rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :formsDirectionalRelationWith ; rdf:type owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment "Relates two conceptual visual representations that lie beside one another along the horizontal or vertical axis of a surface."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "next to"@en ; "Two coats of arms placed side by side in a heraldic frieze."@en ; "Groups the in-plane directional relations, as against sicon:perpendicularTo, which groups relations across non-coplanar surfaces. The property does not entail contact between the two areas, which is a topological matter expressed by sicon:externallyConnectedWith. It is deliberately left without a symmetry or asymmetry declaration: its sub-properties are asymmetric and come in inverse pairs, and declaring the super-property asymmetric would render every use of those pairs inconsistent."@en ; . ### https://w3id.org/sicon#nonTangentialProperSpatialPartOf :nonTangentialProperSpatialPartOf rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :properSpatialPartOf ; rdfs:comment "Relates a conceptual visual representation to a larger one in whose interior it lies wholly, sharing no boundary with it."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "non-tangential proper spatial part of"@en ; "A coat of arms placed centrally within a field, clear of its painted border, lies non-tangentially within that field."@en ; "Corresponds to the relation NTPP of the Region Connection Calculus and is the converse of sicon:hasNonTangentialProperSpatialPart."@en ; . ### https://w3id.org/sicon#oppositeOfAverted :oppositeOfAverted rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :perpendicularTo ; rdf:type owl:SymmetricProperty ; owl:propertyDisjointWith :oppositeOfFaced ; rdfs:comment "Relates two conceptual visual representations lying on non-coplanar surfaces whose decorated faces are turned away from one another."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "opposite of, averted"@en ; "The two opposite painted faces of a single ceiling beam, which no observer in the room can take in at once."@en ; "This is the pattern's answer to CQ-4. Where the decorated faces are averted, no vantage point exists from which both can be seen, and the two belong to the same programme without ever having been perceived together — an arrangement that was at times deliberate, notably in the recto and verso faces of painted beam ceilings. The property is symmetric and is deliberately not declared the inverse of sicon:oppositeOfFaced: a symmetric property is its own inverse, so such a declaration would make the two indistinguishable and destroy exactly the distinction the pattern needs. Co-visibility is approximated rather than computed; exact lines of sight are outside the scope of the SICON pattern."@en ; . ### https://w3id.org/sicon#oppositeOfFaced :oppositeOfFaced rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :perpendicularTo ; rdf:type owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment "Relates two conceptual visual representations lying on non-coplanar surfaces whose decorated faces are turned towards one another."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "opposite of, faced"@en ; "Coats of arms on the two facing long walls of a fully painted room, arranged so that each faces its counterpart across the space."@en ; "The relation asked for by CQ-3, which seeks coats of arms placed on opposite walls facing each other; such pairings frequently carry a social or political claim, since facing arms may be read as answering one another. Whether both can in fact be seen at once depends on where the observer stands and is not entailed by the property. It is symmetric and is deliberately not declared the inverse of sicon:oppositeOfAverted, which would collapse the two into a single relation."@en ; . ### https://w3id.org/sicon#partiallyOverlapsWith :partiallyOverlapsWith rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :formsSpatialRelationWith ; rdf:type owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment "Relates two conceptual visual representations that share some area while each also extends beyond the other."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "partially overlaps with"@en ; "On a painted ceiling in the Musée de la Cour d'Or in Metz, France, the seventeenth-century overpainting occupies an area that only partly coincides with the fourteenth-century field beneath it."@en ; "Corresponds to the relation PO of the Region Connection Calculus. Partial overlap arises characteristically where a later intervention covers part of an earlier composition without respecting its divisions, so that the added content stands in this relation to the content it displaced. It is also the relation to use where an area is delimited differently by two sources, and the difference should be recorded rather than resolved."@en ; . ### https://w3id.org/sicon#perpendicularTo :perpendicularTo rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :formsDirectionalRelationWith ; rdfs:comment "Relates two conceptual visual representations that lie on surfaces which are not coplanar."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "perpendicular to"@en ; "Coats of arms on a wall and on the beam ceiling above it lie on surfaces that are not coplanar."@en ; "Groups the directional relations that hold across surfaces, and is the means by which a decorated room is treated as one composition rather than as a set of independent walls. The label is retained from the paradigm case of walls meeting at a right angle; the property carries no commitment to an exact angle. Where the finer distinction between facing and averted arrangement, or between relative depths, can be supported by the evidence, the sub-properties should be preferred."@en ; . ### https://w3id.org/sicon#properSpatialPartOf :properSpatialPartOf rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :formsSpatialRelationWith ; rdf:type owl:AsymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment "Relates a conceptual visual representation to a larger one whose area wholly includes its own and is not identical to it."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "proper spatial part of"@en ; "A heraldic frieze occupies an area that is a proper part of the wall surface carrying it."@en ; "The converse of sicon:hasProperSpatialPart, corresponding to the containment relation of RCC5, and to be used where the evidence does not settle whether the contained area touches the boundary of the containing one. Like its converse it is asymmetric and, for that reason, not transitive."@en ; . ### https://w3id.org/sicon#rightOf :rightOf rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :nextTo ; rdf:type owl:AsymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment "Relates a conceptual visual representation to another that lies to its left along the horizontal axis of the surface they share."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "right of"@en ; "Within a row of the Imperial Quaternions at Goldegg, each shield stands to the right of the shield preceding it."@en ; "The inverse of sicon:leftOf, and subject to the same conditions: the frame of reference is the shared surface seen frontally, and the property is not applied between representations on different surfaces."@en ; . ### https://w3id.org/sicon#spatiallyDisconnectedFrom :spatiallyDisconnectedFrom rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :spatiallyDiscreteFrom ; rdf:type owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment "Relates two conceptual visual representations whose areas neither overlap nor touch."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "spatially disconnected from"@en ; "Two coats of arms of the same heraldic programme placed on opposite walls of a painted room."@en ; "Corresponds to the relation DC of the Region Connection Calculus. Asserting disconnection is not merely the absence of a relation: recording that two motifs of one programme were separated is a positive statement about the composition, and it is the relation that holds between motifs distributed over the several surfaces of a room."@en ; . ### https://w3id.org/sicon#spatiallyDiscreteFrom :spatiallyDiscreteFrom rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :formsSpatialRelationWith ; rdf:type owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment "Relates two conceptual visual representations that share no interior area, whether or not they touch."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "spatially discrete from"@en ; "A written source records two coats of arms as separate elements of one programme without indicating whether their fields adjoined."@en ; "Corresponds to the relation DR of RCC5 and generalises sicon:spatiallyDisconnectedFrom and sicon:externallyConnectedWith. It should be used where the sources establish that two areas do not overlap but do not settle whether they adjoin — a common situation with murals known only from written descriptions or from photographs taken after partial loss."@en ; . ### https://w3id.org/sicon#tangentialProperSpatialPartOf :tangentialProperSpatialPartOf rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :properSpatialPartOf ; rdfs:comment "Relates a conceptual visual representation to a larger one within which it lies and whose boundary it touches."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "tangential proper spatial part of"@en ; "A frieze running along the upper edge of a wall lies within that wall and touches its boundary."@en ; "Corresponds to the relation TPP of the Region Connection Calculus and is the converse of sicon:hasTangentialProperSpatialPart."@en ; . ################################################################# # Classes ################################################################# ### http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Organization rdf:type owl:Class . ### http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person rdf:type owl:Class . ### https://w3id.org/sicon#ConceptualVisualRepresentation :ConceptualVisualRepresentation rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:disjointWith :MuralConditionState , :PaintedDecoration ; rdfs:comment "A visual composition on a three-dimensional object, taken as a unit of analysis independently of the material stratum that bears it, and carrying the configurational relations that hold between its constituent parts and other compositions."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "conceptual visual representation"@en ; "The heraldic programme of the Great Hall at the castle of Goldegg, comprising the arms on the walls together with the Imperial Quaternions on the painted ceiling, treated as one composition."@en ; "Instances are realisation-specific: they denote a particular spatial configuration on a particular carrier, or as attested by a particular source, not a compositional type shared across several real-world objects (e.g. the heraldic representation of the Nine Worthies in general). The same composition executed at two sites yields two instances, which may be related through rdfs:seeAlso or an external similarity assertion; the class does not itself represent the type-level composition and carries no properties for organising realisations across carriers. Because the class is not tied to material evidence, an instance may be reconstructed from a written or drawn source and persists as long as it remains traceable through any source, whereas the corresponding sicon:PaintedDecoration ceases to exist with its architectural carrier. This asymmetry is the reason all spatial properties of the pattern are asserted at this level and not on the material layer: it lets configurational statements survive total material loss, which CQ-7 requires. All spatial properties take this class as both domain and range. Since whole room decorations, individual surfaces, compositional zones and single motifs are all instances of it or of its subclasses, one and the same property can relate two motifs on a surface, two surfaces of a room, or a motif to a surface."@en ; . ### https://w3id.org/sicon#ConditionStateType :ConditionStateType rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A category of material condition that may be assigned to a sicon:MuralConditionState, such as fragmentary preservation, restoration or relocation."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "condition state type"@en ; "The type assigned to the state of a painted beam that was detached from its original town house and is now held by a museum."@en ; "Condition is modelled as a typed state rather than as a subclass hierarchy of decorations, for three reasons. Class membership would otherwise flip whenever new evidence arrives; the categories are not mutually exclusive, so a decoration that is both moved and fragmentary would require either multiple typing or a combinatorial subclass; and CQ-5 requires fragmentary regions to remain ordinary regions that can be counted alongside preserved ones. The instances supplied here are those needed for the heraldic mural case study and are not exhaustive: adopters may add further types without altering the pattern."@en ; . ### https://w3id.org/sicon#IconographicRepresentation :IconographicRepresentation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConceptualVisualRepresentation ; rdfs:comment "A conceptual visual representation of a distinct, recognisable motif to which an iconographic or iconological layer of interpretation can be attached."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "iconographic representation"@en ; "A single coat of arms in one of the ranked groups of the Imperial Quaternions on the Goldegg ceiling, such as one of the arms of the prince-bishoprics."@en ; "This class is the attachment point for external iconographic vocabularies and interpretation ontologies: the pattern states where a motif sits and leaves what it depicts and what it means to other models and vocabularies, like Iconclass, VIR, ICON or a domain vocabulary linked from here. Instances are individual motifs rather than compositional areas; areas are modelled as sicon:MuralSegment. The distinction is one of intended use, not of size, and follows from CQ-1 to CQ-4, which require motifs to be addressable across objects and not only within the surface that carries them."@en ; . ### https://w3id.org/sicon#InscriptionRepresentation :InscriptionRepresentation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :IconographicRepresentation ; rdfs:comment "An iconographic representation whose motif is written text applied as part of the decoration."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "inscription representation"@en ; "A banderole naming a territory placed directly beneath the coat of arms it identifies."@en ; "The class captures an inscription as a visual element occupying a region of a surface, so that it can enter spatial relations with the motifs around it; this is what CQ-2 requires. It is not intended to carry the textual content itself, its transcription or its linguistic analysis, which belong to a text-oriented model linked from the instance."@en ; . ### https://w3id.org/sicon#MuralConditionState :MuralConditionState rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:disjointWith :PaintedDecoration ; rdfs:comment "The material condition of a painted decoration, or of a delimited part of one, as it holds over a specific period."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "mural condition state"@en ; "The condition of the fourteenth-century beam ceiling from a town house in Metz after its removal to the Musée de la cour d'or."@en ; "Condition states are asserted on the material layer only. A conceptual visual representation has no condition, since it is not a physical thing that decays; what decays is the stratum that bears it. Separate states should be created where the condition of a part differs from that of the whole, or where the condition of one and the same part changed over time, so that each state can carry its own dating and its own evidential basis. The category of the state is given by sicon:hasConditionStateType rather than by the class of the state itself."@en ; . ### https://w3id.org/sicon#MuralSegment :MuralSegment rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :ConceptualVisualRepresentation ; rdfs:comment "A conceptual visual representation understood as a delimited area of a mural: the whole decoration of a room, a single decorated surface, or any smaller compositional zone within one."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "mural segment"@en ; "One painted side of a single beam of painted ceiling in the Salle d'apparat of the Maison the chevalier in Pont-Saint-Esprit, France (https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Maison_des_chevaliers_Salle_d%27apparat_rdc.JPG?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=index&utm_content=original&uselang=fr). The individual field on that beam bearing one coat of arms, and the ceiling as a whole are three instances standing in part-whole relations."@en ; "Segments are nested and self-similar: a segment may be composed of further segments of the same class, and the pattern fixes no privileged level of granularity. This is a deliberate consequence of fragmentary transmission. Where a decoration survives only in part, it is often impossible to know whether a surviving area was the whole of what once existed at that place or a portion of something larger, and a model that forced a choice would record an interpretation as if it were an observation. Each surviving area is therefore modelled as a distinct instance that carries its own dating and its own creation or modification events, which is what CQ-6 requires. Segmentation beyond that is left to the user of the pattern."@en ; . ### https://w3id.org/sicon#PaintedDecoration :PaintedDecoration rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The material stratum of a mural: the decorative layer applied to an architectural surface or other human-made carrier, treated as a physical feature of that carrier. A painted decoration cannot exist without its material carrier object."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "painted decoration"@en ; "The paint layer on the beams of the fourteenth-century ceiling from a town house in Metz, now in the Musée de la cour d'or."@en ; "Instances carry material properties -- condition state, production and modification events, present physical location -- but not configurational relations, which are asserted on sicon:ConceptualVisualRepresentation instead. Instances nest in the same way as their visual counterparts: the whole decoration of a room, one decorated surface and a single surviving fragment are each instances. The class is disjoint from sicon:ConceptualVisualRepresentation; a decoration and the composition it bears are never the same entity, and a composition attested only through a written source has no instance of this class at all."@en ; . ################################################################# # Individuals ################################################################# ### https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6743-8600 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , ; "Philipp Schneider" . ### https://w3id.org/sicon#Fragment :Fragment rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , :ConditionStateType ; rdfs:comment "Condition in which a painted decoration survives only in part, so that its original material extent is not fully preserved."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "fragment"@en ; "A wall bearing part of a cycle of the Nine Worthies together with documented areas of loss where further figures are presumed to have stood."@en ; "Fragmentariness is recorded as a condition of the material stratum, not as a kind of composition. A fragmentary area remains an ordinary sicon:MuralSegment and enters the same spatial relations as a preserved one, which is what allows CQ-5 to count surviving elements of a defined programme alongside documented gaps and so to argue that the cycle was once complete. Modelling it as a state also avoids the difficulty that a decoration would otherwise change class whenever new evidence about its former extent came to light."@en ; . ### https://w3id.org/sicon#Moved :Moved rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , :ConditionStateType ; rdfs:comment "Condition in which a painted decoration, whole or in part, has been detached from the architectural context for which it was made."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "moved"@en ; "The fourteenth-century beam ceiling taken from a town house in Metz and now held by the Musée de la cour d'or."@en ; "Relocation matters for source criticism rather than for material integrity: a decoration removed to a museum may be perfectly preserved yet no longer legible in relation to the room, the openings and the furnishings that once conditioned how it was seen. Recording the state marks that the surrounding context has been lost even where the object has not."@en ; . ### https://w3id.org/sicon#Restored :Restored rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , :ConditionStateType ; rdfs:comment "Condition in which the material substance of a painted decoration has been renewed or completed by a later intervention."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "restored"@en ; "A heraldic frieze whose losses were filled in during a nineteenth-century campaign, so that the arms now visible are in part the work of the restorer."@en ; "Restoration is recorded because it bears directly on the evidential value of what is now visible: a restored area may reproduce, approximate or silently invent the state it purports to recover, and must be weighed differently as a source. The state does not distinguish degrees or methods of intervention, which should be documented through the modification events of the decoration concerned."@en ; . ### https://w3id.org/sicon#Undamaged :Undamaged rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , :ConditionStateType ; rdfs:comment "Condition in which a painted decoration is preserved in its original material extent, without substantive loss."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "undamaged"@en ; "A field on a Metz beam whose painted surface survives entire, next to a neighbouring field recorded as fragmentary."@en ; "The type should be assigned only where the completeness of the decoration is positively attested, and not by default where nothing is known: the pattern is built on the principle that absence of evidence about loss is not evidence of its absence. Assigning it does not exclude the relocated or restored types, which concern context and intervention rather than extent."@en ; . ### https://www.geschichte.hu-berlin.de/en/bereiche-und-lehrstuehle-en/digital-history-en rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , ; "Digital History, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin"@en . ### Generated by the OWL API (version 5.1.18) https://github.com/owlcs/owlapi/